Proper diagnosis of juvenile diabetes is essential for controlling the progress of the disease at a very early stage. The following diagnostic tests are usually performed:
- Blood sugar test: In this case, the blood sample is collected at any time of the day, irrespective of the time of the meal. A random blood sugar level of 200 mg/dL of blood suggests juvenile diabetes.
- Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test: This test gives an idea of the average blood sugar level for the past 2-3 months. An A1C level of 6.5% or more (for two separate tests) suggests juvenile diabetes. A fasting blood glucose level of 126 mg/dL of blood or higher indicates diabetes.
- Lipid test: This test checks for High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) cholesterol, total cholesterol (HDL+LDL) and triglycerides.
- Kidney function test: This test gives an idea of the presence of protein in urine and also does a check for creatinine.
- Dilated eye examination
- Dental examination